By Royal Decree of July 8, 1895 (#206), it was declared “regulated for members of all Equestrian Institutes a saber, project of the factory in Toledo, Model No. 3, with the name Saber for members of Equestrian Institutes Model 1895″, in order to unify the model of the saber for use by members of all branches of the Armed Forces and Corps.
By the way, the article you are reading was translated from Spanish, there are inaccuracies in the translation, if you can help with the translation, please write. Thank you.
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The saber is an officer’s version of the md. 1895 for troops of equestrian institutes. Reproduced image, with weapon emblem Infantry depicted on the bowl. Drawing by Eduardo Jiménez Sánchez-Malo
The expression “Institutes montados” first appeared when edged weapons were approved, and this was discussed by the Admiral in his Dictionary of War (1869) Custom, not linguistic law, introduced the word (Instituto) to denote “variety” in the genera and species of WEAPONS.
In the FIRES they say the institute of COZAKES, in the ARTILERY, the institute of MONTADO, ON HORSES, to distinguish it from that of the FIRES.” Ten years after the approval of the 1895 model, the Royal Decree of September 23, 1905 (No. 198) declared “regulated for the chiefs, officers and students of the said Academy (military administration) the saber of the Robert model, with the emblem of the Corps on the outer part of the gard.
Between the adoption of the Model 1895 and the Model “Robert” in 1905, the Toledo Factory produced several sabers for officers, which, without being approved as regulated, constituted the equipment of the officers of the Armed Infantry, and of the Corps of Artillery, Engineers and Civil Guard, probably among others. The products in which three types may be distinguished, viz: – Variants of the official sabers of the model of 1895 for members of the cavalry institutes. The author has seen them without emblems on the cavalier, or with Infantry and Civil Guard emblems. They are not depicted in the illustrated catalog of the Toledo Factory, published around 1900. In the catalog published around 1907, they are shown in two models: on sheet IV, item 19, as “Official saber for members of the Equestrian Institutes, model in progress”, and on sheet V, item 29, as “Official saber for members of the Infantry Institutes, model in progress”. – The “Roberta” sabers are official, with a special orthopedic hilt and forged rounded at the opposite end from the origin, like the Puerto Seguro sword-saber.
Blade from an officer’s version saber model 1895 for troops of mounted institutes (total length 929 mm, 773 x 23 mm, arrow 13 mm) marked “Artillery / Factory / De / Toledo”, carved, with the inscription on the blade “Remembering my husband / his wonderful wife on his saint’s day”, Lower place for engraving the date of the souvenir.
Among their variants, the one adopted in 1905 for use at the Academy of Military Administration would be distinguished by “the emblem of the Corps on the outer part of the cavalier”. In the catalog of the Toledo Factory, published around 1900, there is a depiction of one specimen, on folio 20, item 46, as“Sabre for officers of the Quinota“. The catalog published about 1907 shows two specimens: on folio III, item 13, as “Sabre for chiefs, officers and students of the Academy of Military Administration, model Robert 1905”, and on folio V, item 27, as “Sabre for officers of the Institutes of Infantry, model Robert” – Official sabers whose model can be considered the result of an evolution of the “Robert”, retaining the hilt and changing the form of the cavalier, similar to variants of the official sabers of the model 1895 for members of the Equestrian Institutes. The author has seen them with the insignia of the Corps of Artillery and Engineers, as well as the Infantry. They are not shown in the 1900 and 1907 catalogs of the Toledo Factory.
These mentioned catalogs of the Toledo Factory do not provide information on the dimensions of the weapons, and the photographs illustrating the models, with a quality somewhat insufficient, are the only thing given to identify them, with texts in some cases contradictory. A sword described in 1900 as “for Cavalry Officer” is listed in the 1907 catalog as “Sabre for Officer of the Institutes of Infantry, Robert’s model”.
It is also worth noting the difficulty in accepting for officers not belonging to the Military Cavalry a “specialty” on horseback or on foot, which in the case of officers of the Artillery and Engineers depends on the unit in which they perform their duties, and in the Infantry on whether they visit the place as a mounted field, as, for example, officers of the Corps of Carbineers and of the Civil Guard.
The design of this variety of saber mentions only the artilleryman Joseph Robert as the author of the so-called “Roberts,” a person who, unlike Duke Luis Carvajal, Marquis of Puerto Seguro, seems to have published nothing regarding his contribution to the design of edged weapons.
Saber officer’s variant md. 1895 for the troops of the equestrian institutes. Blade (790 x 23 mm, arrow 15 mm) with the inscription “ARTILLERÍA FACTORY OF TOLEDO 1898”. Bowl without emblem.
Photo of the Military Museum, Barcelona.
According to his service records, Joseph Robert & Bordes was born in Valencia on May 31, 1858, joined the Corps as a “soldier for good luck” on July 18, 1878, served successively in the 5th and 7th Mounted Regiments, and entered as a student at the Academy of Artillery on March 15, 1879. Senior warrant student on promotion in July, 1881, lieutenant on promotion in January, 1883, and on old age, captain in 1889, commander in 1903, lieutenant colonel in 1910, and in July, 1918, colonel of artillery in reserve status, died in 1921.
Of the five who were called to service in 1879, very few were able to enter as students at the Artillery Academy after serving eight months in two mounted regiments, a phenomenon which will have a more or less simple explanation. Among the appointments of this artilleryman, only the Factory in Toledo from the beginning of February 1891 to the end of October of the same year is indicated, but in 1897 it is noted that he was granted the Cross of the 1st Class of Military Merit with distinction of white ribbon, on pension, “for the design of a saber for mounted and infantry institutes.” By royal decree of February 18, 1895, he was granted the Cross of the Royal Order of Isabella Catholic, and by royal charter of June 11, 1897, from the King of Portugal, he received the Royal Cross of Christ, but no mention is made of the merits that made him worthy of these distinctions. The acceptance by the Academy of Administration of the Ministry of Defense in 1905 of the saber “Model Robert” deserves no mention in his service corner.
There is no direct confirmation that D. Jose Robert was specifically involved in the design of the Spanish Model 1895 saber for mounted institute soldiers, as well as its variants for officers and designs for mounted institute officers and infantry. Although he was rewarded for his design of the saber for the Equestrian Institutes in 1897, it is unclear whether he continued to be involved in the design of sabers after that date.
The reason why the Director of the Military Administration Academy suggested “Model Robert” for use at that Academy remains unknown. Perhaps someone can answer these questions.
Written by Juan L. Calvó December 2005
Bibliography: “Diccionario Militar”, José Almirante, Madrid, 1989 (reprinted) “Diccionario Militar”. J. D’U.M. (Jorge de Warte), Madrid, 1863 “Armament of Spanish portable weapons, 1764-1939”. B. Barceló Rubi, Madrid, 1976 “3 Siglos de Armamento Portátil en España”. B. Barceló Rubi, Cala Mayor, 2002. “The national arms industry, 1830-1940, factories, privileges, patents and stamps”. Juan L. Calvo, Eibar, 1997.
Illustrations:
Saber officer’s version model 1895 for troops of equestrian institutes, cup with emblem of the Civil Guard. Photo by Jesus Gutierrez.
Cavalry saber, Robert’s design? Garda without emblem. The blade is old (831 x 30 mm, arrow 24 mm) with a mark on the reverse “F. Toledo 1872.” Photos by Eduardo Gorostiza.
Robert’s design for an officer’s saber? In a recreated copy, Garda without emblem, wooden hilt, smooth. Old blade. On bretlage. Drawing by Eduardo Jimenez Sanchez Malo.
Officer’s saber, Robert project, garda without emblem, hilt wooden, with square notches, monterilla without glue, ferrules. Blade (753 x 20 mm, arrow 36 mm) inscribed “Fca De Toledo 1894”. Photos by Eduardo Gorostiza.
Saber, emblemless grip, metal scissors “Robert’sModel “.
Handle in cast iron or steel, blade (800 x 23 mm, arrow 21 mm) inscribed “Artillería/Factory/De/Toledo/1897”. Photos by Eduardo Gorostiza.
Robert’s Model saber. Garada without emblem, metal scabbard.
Handles with yellow coating (?). Blade (784 x 23 mm, arrow 23 mm), inscribed “Fca DE TOLEDO 1897”. Photos by Eduardo Gorostiza.
Robert’s Model saber. Garada without emblem, scabbard made of metal parts. Handles made of alpaca. Blade (800 x 22 mm, arrow 20 mm), inscribed “Artillery/Factory/De/Toledo/1897”. Castells brand. Barcelona-based military effects firm.
Saber officer’s institute infantry model Robert Evolutionary.
Garda with infantry weapon emblem. Blade (770 x 22 mm, arrow 13 mm) with the inscription “Factory / De / Toledo / 1900”. Photo Military Museum, Barcelona.
Saber officer’s institute pedestrian model Robert Evolutionary.
The cup of the emblem is decorated with the image of the artillery corps, the blade (756 x 22 mm. 13 mm arrow) with the inscription “FACTORY/DE/TOLEDO/1905”. Photo Military Museum, Barcelona.
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Sabers for mounted institutes, for foot institutes, and “Robert’s Model” sabers of the 1895 pattern.
By Royal Decree of July 8, 1895 (#206), it was declared “regulated for members of all Equestrian Institutes a saber, project of the factory in Toledo, Model No. 3, with the name Saber for members of Equestrian Institutes Model 1895″, in order to unify the model of the saber for use by members of all branches of the Armed Forces and Corps.
Infantry depicted on the bowl. Drawing by Eduardo Jiménez Sánchez-Malo
The expression “Institutes montados” first appeared when edged weapons were approved, and this was discussed by the Admiral in his Dictionary of War (1869) Custom, not linguistic law, introduced the word (Instituto) to denote “variety” in the genera and species of WEAPONS.
In the FIRES they say the institute of COZAKES, in the ARTILERY, the institute of MONTADO, ON HORSES, to distinguish it from that of the FIRES.” Ten years after the approval of the 1895 model, the Royal Decree of September 23, 1905 (No. 198) declared “regulated for the chiefs, officers and students of the said Academy (military administration) the saber of the Robert model, with the emblem of the Corps on the outer part of the gard.
Between the adoption of the Model 1895 and the Model “Robert” in 1905, the Toledo Factory produced several sabers for officers, which, without being approved as regulated, constituted the equipment of the officers of the Armed Infantry, and of the Corps of Artillery, Engineers and Civil Guard, probably among others. The products in which three types may be distinguished, viz: – Variants of the official sabers of the model of 1895 for members of the cavalry institutes. The author has seen them without emblems on the cavalier, or with Infantry and Civil Guard emblems. They are not depicted in the illustrated catalog of the Toledo Factory, published around 1900. In the catalog published around 1907, they are shown in two models: on sheet IV, item 19, as “Official saber for members of the Equestrian Institutes, model in progress”, and on sheet V, item 29, as “Official saber for members of the Infantry Institutes, model in progress”. – The “Roberta” sabers are official, with a special orthopedic hilt and forged rounded at the opposite end from the origin, like the Puerto Seguro sword-saber.
Among their variants, the one adopted in 1905 for use at the Academy of Military Administration would be distinguished by “the emblem of the Corps on the outer part of the cavalier”. In the catalog of the Toledo Factory, published around 1900, there is a depiction of one specimen, on folio 20, item 46, as“Sabre for officers of the Quinota“. The catalog published about 1907 shows two specimens: on folio III, item 13, as “Sabre for chiefs, officers and students of the Academy of Military Administration, model Robert 1905”, and on folio V, item 27, as “Sabre for officers of the Institutes of Infantry, model Robert” – Official sabers whose model can be considered the result of an evolution of the “Robert”, retaining the hilt and changing the form of the cavalier, similar to variants of the official sabers of the model 1895 for members of the Equestrian Institutes. The author has seen them with the insignia of the Corps of Artillery and Engineers, as well as the Infantry. They are not shown in the 1900 and 1907 catalogs of the Toledo Factory.
These mentioned catalogs of the Toledo Factory do not provide information on the dimensions of the weapons, and the photographs illustrating the models, with a quality somewhat insufficient, are the only thing given to identify them, with texts in some cases contradictory. A sword described in 1900 as “for Cavalry Officer” is listed in the 1907 catalog as “Sabre for Officer of the Institutes of Infantry, Robert’s model”.
It is also worth noting the difficulty in accepting for officers not belonging to the Military Cavalry a “specialty” on horseback or on foot, which in the case of officers of the Artillery and Engineers depends on the unit in which they perform their duties, and in the Infantry on whether they visit the place as a mounted field, as, for example, officers of the Corps of Carbineers and of the Civil Guard.
The design of this variety of saber mentions only the artilleryman Joseph Robert as the author of the so-called “Roberts,” a person who, unlike Duke Luis Carvajal, Marquis of Puerto Seguro, seems to have published nothing regarding his contribution to the design of edged weapons.
Saber officer’s variant md. 1895 for the troops of the equestrian institutes. Blade (790 x 23 mm, arrow 15 mm) with the inscription “ARTILLERÍA FACTORY OF TOLEDO 1898”. Bowl without emblem.
Photo of the Military Museum, Barcelona.
According to his service records, Joseph Robert & Bordes was born in Valencia on May 31, 1858, joined the Corps as a “soldier for good luck” on July 18, 1878, served successively in the 5th and 7th Mounted Regiments, and entered as a student at the Academy of Artillery on March 15, 1879. Senior warrant student on promotion in July, 1881, lieutenant on promotion in January, 1883, and on old age, captain in 1889, commander in 1903, lieutenant colonel in 1910, and in July, 1918, colonel of artillery in reserve status, died in 1921.
Of the five who were called to service in 1879, very few were able to enter as students at the Artillery Academy after serving eight months in two mounted regiments, a phenomenon which will have a more or less simple explanation. Among the appointments of this artilleryman, only the Factory in Toledo from the beginning of February 1891 to the end of October of the same year is indicated, but in 1897 it is noted that he was granted the Cross of the 1st Class of Military Merit with distinction of white ribbon, on pension, “for the design of a saber for mounted and infantry institutes.” By royal decree of February 18, 1895, he was granted the Cross of the Royal Order of Isabella Catholic, and by royal charter of June 11, 1897, from the King of Portugal, he received the Royal Cross of Christ, but no mention is made of the merits that made him worthy of these distinctions. The acceptance by the Academy of Administration of the Ministry of Defense in 1905 of the saber “Model Robert” deserves no mention in his service corner.
There is no direct confirmation that D. Jose Robert was specifically involved in the design of the Spanish Model 1895 saber for mounted institute soldiers, as well as its variants for officers and designs for mounted institute officers and infantry. Although he was rewarded for his design of the saber for the Equestrian Institutes in 1897, it is unclear whether he continued to be involved in the design of sabers after that date.
The reason why the Director of the Military Administration Academy suggested “Model Robert” for use at that Academy remains unknown. Perhaps someone can answer these questions.
Written by Juan L. Calvó December 2005
Bibliography: “Diccionario Militar”, José Almirante, Madrid, 1989 (reprinted) “Diccionario Militar”. J. D’U.M. (Jorge de Warte), Madrid, 1863 “Armament of Spanish portable weapons, 1764-1939”. B. Barceló Rubi, Madrid, 1976 “3 Siglos de Armamento Portátil en España”. B. Barceló Rubi, Cala Mayor, 2002. “The national arms industry, 1830-1940, factories, privileges, patents and stamps”. Juan L. Calvo, Eibar, 1997.
Illustrations:
Saber officer’s version model 1895 for troops of equestrian institutes, cup with emblem of the Civil Guard. Photo by Jesus Gutierrez.
Cavalry saber, Robert’s design? Garda without emblem. The blade is old (831 x 30 mm, arrow 24 mm) with a mark on the reverse “F. Toledo 1872.” Photos by Eduardo Gorostiza.
Robert’s design for an officer’s saber? In a recreated copy, Garda without emblem, wooden hilt, smooth. Old blade. On bretlage. Drawing by Eduardo Jimenez Sanchez Malo.
Officer’s saber, Robert project, garda without emblem, hilt wooden, with square notches, monterilla without glue, ferrules. Blade (753 x 20 mm, arrow 36 mm) inscribed “Fca De Toledo 1894”. Photos by Eduardo Gorostiza.
Saber, emblemless grip, metal scissors “Robert’sModel “.
Handle in cast iron or steel, blade (800 x 23 mm, arrow 21 mm) inscribed “Artillería/Factory/De/Toledo/1897”. Photos by Eduardo Gorostiza.
Robert’s Model saber. Garada without emblem, metal scabbard.
Handles with yellow coating (?). Blade (784 x 23 mm, arrow 23 mm), inscribed “Fca DE TOLEDO 1897”. Photos by Eduardo Gorostiza.
Robert’s Model saber. Garada without emblem, scabbard made of metal parts. Handles made of alpaca. Blade (800 x 22 mm, arrow 20 mm), inscribed “Artillery/Factory/De/Toledo/1897”. Castells brand. Barcelona-based military effects firm.
Saber officer’s institute infantry model Robert Evolutionary.
Garda with infantry weapon emblem. Blade (770 x 22 mm, arrow 13 mm) with the inscription “Factory / De / Toledo / 1900”. Photo Military Museum, Barcelona.
Saber officer’s institute pedestrian model Robert Evolutionary.
The cup of the emblem is decorated with the image of the artillery corps, the blade (756 x 22 mm. 13 mm arrow) with the inscription “FACTORY/DE/TOLEDO/1905”. Photo Military Museum, Barcelona.
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